A Beautiful Wood Floor from Days of Yore

Imagine a wood floor with an engaging, unique appearance unlike anything you might find in a lumberyard or home center. Imagine that not a single tree was cut down for this very special wood floor. Imagine it cost you the same or less than a traditional wood floor. Now stop imagining: that floor exists in the form of reclaimed wood planks or strips.

Nail marks and knots add character in this reclaimed Douglass fir floor.

(All photos courtesy of Pioneer Millworks, www.pioneer millworks.com.)

Reclaimed wood flooring is salvaged from dilapidated buildings across the country, as part of a process called deconstruction. If you’re the type that likes to roll up your sleeves and get down to it, you can find entire reclaimed floors in the rough, salvaged directly out of an older building. The flooring comes bundled at prices much lower than what new flooring would run you. The catch is that you’ll have to sand down and refinish the wood and, of course, you’ll need to find a batch that includes as much or more wood than you need. In fact, when working with raw salvaged flooring in odd lots, you should add 20 percent to your materials estimate to account for damaged or otherwise unusable pieces. The best deals can be found at local architectural salvage companies such as Better Homes and Garbage in Minneapolis, Minnesota (www.bhandgarbage.com), Heritage Salvage in Petaluma, California (www.heritagesalvage.com), and Old Wood Workshop in Pomfret Center, Connecticut (www.oldwoodworkshop.com). You can find local or regional salvage companies in the Yellow Pages under Building Salvage or Architectural Salvage, or online, by searching “salvaged wood flooring”.

Reclaimed mixed hardwood planks make for

an unusual and handsome wood floor.

The potential flea-market prices are a draw, but the real allure of salvaged wood is the chance to latch onto one-of-kind heartwoods and species no longer available on the open market. Depending on where the floor was salvaged and how old it is, it may be a species of local tree that is no longer widely grown, or was largely eradicated by disease or pests. Even if the flooring is simply an antique version of traditional favorites like oak, it will look much different from the modern version. The increase of carbon dioxide in the environment over the last century means trees grow quicker than ever before. Antique wood floors often feature an open, flowing grain pattern unlike any you’ll find in newly sawn flooring.

The salvaged marketplace also yields special treasures such as “tobacco barn flooring”, wood subjected to decades of intense heat and vapors that give it a completely unique coloration and alluring appearance. Older milling processes also leave their enchanting tattoos on many wood floors—circular or semi-circular saw marks are the most common. Antiquated installation processes such as face nailing and pegging also mark some reclaimed wood flooring.

The enchanting surface appearance 

of a reclaimed grey elm wood floor.

Even if you don’t fancy working with rough bundles of strips or planks, you can still enjoy the beauty and ecological benefit of a reclaimed wood floor. One step removed from general salvage operations with their constantly changing inventories, reclaimed flooring companies specialize in antique wood that they salvage, mill, strip and/or refinish as necessary, prior to sale. Companies such as Elmwood Reclaimed Timber (www.elmwoodreclaimedtimber.com), Pioneer Millworks (pioneermillworks.com), Mountain Lumber Company (www.mountainlumber.com), and TerraMai (www.terramai.com) all supply premium grade reclaimed flooring in a range of species, styles and widths. Some offer specialty appearances, such as quarter- or half-sawn wood, and many will ship to your location.

Regardless of the source, reclaimed wood flooring is about as green as you can get.  Lay reclaimed wood strips in your living room and you spare the trees that would have been cut down to make a new floor. Not only that, you also remove the reclaimed from the waste stream, where it would have wound up had it not been salvaged.

Regardless of whether you’re shopping for reclaimed or new wood flooring, always look for the Forest Stewardship Council label. The FSC is an independent non-profit that promotes sustainable forestry practices and certifies that products carrying the FSC label come from responsibly managed forests.

Breathe Easier with Eco-Friendly Paints

All too often, the air in a home is treated like the invisible element it is: out of sight out of mind. Unfortunately, studies show that residential indoor air quality is three to five times worse than the air outdoors. Given the amount of time we spend in our homes, that’s a pretty shocking fact. Among the worst indoor air contaminants are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These are liquid chemicals used in many different materials, and they off-gas harmful vapors that have been linked to childhood asthma and many other diseases. The concentration of VOCs in American homes has steadily risen over the last several decades, as insulation has improved and homeowners increasingly use inexpensive synthetic materials such as vinyl flooring and latex paint. Paint being one of the most widely used remodeling materials, using low- or no-VOC interior paint is an effective and easy way to vastly improve your indoor air-quality.

No-VOC doesn't mean dull colors. 

(Photo by Yam Studio; courtesy of  YOLO Colorhouse.)

You won’t have to look far. Most major paint companies have jumped on the low- and zero-VOC bandwagon. Offerings include Olympic’s Premium brand (www.olympic.com); Sherwin-Williams Harmony (www.sherwin-williams.com); Valspar’s Earthsense paints (www.valsparearthsense.com); Benjamin Moore’s Green Promise line (www.benjaminmoore.com); and Pratt & Lambert’s RedSeal (www.prattandlambert.com). Although technical baselines for what constitutes “Zero” or “Low” have long been precisely defined, standards within those parameters vary state to state, and VOC concentrations differ product to product. VOC concentration may also change depending on the tinting agent used for a particular color.

That’s why some companies, such as YOLO Colorhouse (www.yolocolorhouse.com), have dedicated their entire business to producing no-VOC paints. Although their palette includes fewer colors than those of other manufacturers, they are extremely rigorous in their formulations and in controlling all the colors they sell.

Regardless of who produces it, expect to pay between $5 and $10 more per gallon for no-VOC paint—a pretty modest investment in your family’s health. Ensure you’re buying a product that is as green as the manufacturer says it is, by looking for the logos of major green certification organizations. Two of the best are Green Seal (www.greenseal.org)—a non-profit that promotes sustainable and green products in a variety of industries, including home improvement products—and the Greenguard Environmental Institute (www.greenguard.org), an organization dedicated to protecting health and quality of life through improving indoor air quality and the products that affect that quality.

Want to learn more about indoor air quality and national standards? Check out the Environmental Protection Agency’s special online section at www.epa.gov/iaq.

The "Green" Light for New Bulbs

Lighting is key to home remodeling or design success. Pick the perfect paint color, lay a stunning hardwood floor, or install sparkling new fixtures—you still need the right light to show your work to its best advantage. That means picking the right lightbulb, which is about to become more of a challenge. The federal ban on energy-wasting incandescent bulbs begins in 2012, with the elimination of 100-watt units. The years that follow will see 75-, 60- and 40-watt incandescents go the way of the nickel loaf of bread.

That's not welcome news to the homeowners who rely on the tried-and-true incandescent as an inexpensive source of warm, skin-tone-flattering light. It is worth cheering though, because incandescent bulbs are amazingly energy inefficient (90 percent of the energy in the bulb is frittered away as heat loss), and their short lifespans translate to boatloads of landfill waste. Never fear, though; three replacements stand ready to fill the void: halogen, fluorescent and LED.

Halogens can last three times longer than incandescents and produce a brighter light with half the energy. The light is a cold, white-blue, great for tasks like reading or prepping food, but a bit harsh for overall ambient illumination. The bulbs also run hot, and touching one can be a lesson in burn triage. Compact fluorescent bulbs (CFLs) are meant to be a better general light source, although misunderstandings about the bulbs have led to their misuse. Unless specifically labeled as "quick" or "instant-start", the bulbs take a moment to heat up. Turning standard CFLs off and on quickly or frequently is a recipe for short bulb life. Most CFLs are not suited for  recessed ceiling fixtures, because they'll overheat and burn out in short order. The bigger issues are light quality and mercury. Although touted as direct replacements for incandescent bulbs, the industry has yet to establish a standard for what 40, 60 or a 100 watts translates to in CFLs. And depending on the individual bulb, the light may be more or less like the soft, warm light from an incandescent bulb. Standard CFL's also contain mercury (low-mercury versions are available). This means they release a toxic material if broken in the home, and even whole, should be disposed of as a hazardous waste (Home Depot has a nationwide recycling program, learn more here: www6.homedepot.com/ecooptions/pdf/CFL-RecyclingProgramRevised.pdf).

The new kid on the block, and the light source that shows the most promise, is LED (light emitting diode) technology. LED bulbs produce a soft light closest to incandescent in quality, and LEDs are amazingly green: The US Dept. of Energy estimates that widespread use of LED home lighting over the next two decades could result in a savings to consumers of more than $265 billion, 40 fewer power stations, and a reduction of lighting electrical demand by more than 30 percent. The bulb technology is still evolving, meaning quality is not yet standardized across products, and the cost is still high ($20 to $30 for the equivalent of a 60-watt incandescent).  Of course, that wallet pain nets you a lifespan in the neighborhood of five times  longer than any incandescent, using 80 percent less energy! If you're ready to take the plunge, stick to LED bulbs that carry a replacement warranty in the event of bulb malfunction.

So yes, it's the dawn of a new age. Keep in mind, though, it's up to you what the light of that dawn looks like.